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The American Kestrel, measuring 9 to 12 inches in length, is the smallest falcon in North America. It is an attractive and extremely beneficial bird, preying on mice, grasshoppers, sparrows and starlings—critters often considered to be garden pests. The kestrel nests in cavities, laying its eggs under the eaves of buildings, in depressions in a bank or cliff, or most often in old holes of standing dead tree (snags).
Although these little falcons are fairly common across North America, there are many areas where populations have declined because of a lack of snags. Fortunately, kestrels readily use artificial nest boxes if they are properly placed in suitable habitat.
Place the box in a relatively open area with lots of grassy areas nearby for hunting. Fields, pastures, yards abutting parkland and areas along highways and powerlines are usually good kestrel habitat. Attach the box about 10 to 30 feet up a tree, utility pole, or some other tall structure. Place a handful of wood shavings, wood chips, or straw in the bottom.
Avoid checking the box during breeding season—spring and early summer—since kestrels are sensitive to disturbance. In late summer, you should open the box and remove old nesting materials. If your box is not occupied in two or three years, move it to another location.
